euphoria or mania).ĭiagram illustrating control of cortisol release - click to enlargeĬortisol production and release is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary, forming the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis. It has several poorly understood effects such as increased appetite, increased acid production by the stomach and effects in the mental state (e.g.
This effect is limited however by the inactivation of cortisol to inactive cortisone by a specific enzyme. This is a mineralocorticoid, which has the effect of raising blood pressure by the constriction of small arteries and the retention of fluid by the kidney.Excess cortisol causes decreased white blood cell production and activity resulting in an impaired ability to fight infection and heal wounds.Cortisol is released in response to infection or injury.Break down of fat into fatty acids and glycerol 4. To release amino acids, some of which can also be used to produce more glucose.ģ.Break down of tissues such as muscle, skin and bone: Decreasing utilisation of glucose by the tissuesĢ.Increasing production of glucose in the liver (gluconeogenesis).Increasing glucose levels in the blood in times of fasting by: It acts on a wide range of tissues and organs eliciting a wide range of effects.
Cortisol is a 'glucocorticoid' (a cortical hormone that increases blood glucose levels).
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